Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

Which medication is NOT commonly associated with gingival hyperplasia?

1. Nifedipine

2. Cyclophosphamide

3. Phenytoin (Dilantin)

4. Carbamazepine

The correct answer is: Carbamazepine

Carbamazepine is the correct answer as it is not commonly associated with gingival hyperplasia, unlike the other listed medications. Gingival hyperplasia is an overgrowth of gum tissue, and several medications are known to cause this condition as a side effect. Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and angina, along with phenytoin, an anticonvulsant, are both well-documented causes of gingival hyperplasia. The mechanism typically involves their influence on fibroblast function and tissue remodeling in the gums. Cyclophosphamide, while primarily known as a chemotherapy drug, can also lead to various oral side effects, including gingival issues, although it is less recognized than the other two for specifically causing hyperplasia. In contrast, carbamazepine has a different side effect profile. While it can cause a range of other adverse effects, gingival hyperplasia is not a common reaction associated with its use. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for recognizing potential side effects in patients undergoing treatment with these medications, ultimately aiding in proper patient management and education.