Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

Which condition is characterized by tachycardia and weight loss?

1. Hypothyroidism

2. Hyperthyroidism

3. Diabetes mellitus

4. Cushing's syndrome

The correct answer is: Hyperthyroidism

The condition characterized by tachycardia and weight loss is hyperthyroidism. In hyperthyroidism, the overproduction of thyroid hormones leads to an increased metabolic rate, which can cause the body to burn energy more rapidly. As the metabolism accelerates, this results in various symptoms, including an increased heart rate (tachycardia) and unintended weight loss despite normal or increased appetite. Hyperthyroidism can also cause other signs such as heat intolerance, increased sweating, and nervousness, but tachycardia and weight loss are among the most prominent features. The presence of these symptoms indicates that the body is in an overactive state due to excess thyroid hormones. In contrast, conditions like hypothyroidism would present with symptoms of fatigue and weight gain rather than weight loss. Diabetes mellitus can lead to weight loss but is typically associated with other symptoms such as increased thirst and urination. Cushing's syndrome often results in weight gain and features like rounded face and easy bruising. Thus, hyperthyroidism is the only condition in this scenario that aligns with tachycardia and weight loss.