Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

What dental condition can be exacerbated by dry mouth?

1. Cavity formation

2. Periodontal disease

3. Bruxism

4. Malocclusion

The correct answer is: Cavity formation

Cavity formation is significantly exacerbated by dry mouth, a condition medically known as xerostomia. Saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health, as it helps to neutralize acids produced by bacteria in the mouth, wash away food particles, and provide essential minerals for the remineralization of the teeth. When saliva production is reduced due to dry mouth, these protective functions are diminished, leading to an increased risk of cavities. With less saliva, harmful bacteria can flourish more readily, producing more acids that contribute to the demineralization of tooth enamel. Additionally, the absence of saliva hampers the mouth's ability to repair damage to the enamel, making it easier for cavities to form. While other conditions such as periodontal disease can also be affected by dry mouth due to a similar reduction in protective saliva, cavity formation is a more direct consequence because of the essential role of saliva in preventing decay. Bruxism, characterized by grinding or clenching of teeth, and malocclusion, which refers to misalignment of teeth, are not directly influenced by the level of saliva in the mouth.