Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

In a case of dry tongue in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, what syndrome might be suspected?

1. Sjögren's syndrome

2. Behçet's disease

3. Lupus erythematosus

4. Pemphigus vulgaris

The correct answer is: Sjögren's syndrome

In a patient with dry tongue, especially one diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, the suspicion of Sjögren's syndrome arises due to its well-known association with both autoimmune disorders. Sjögren's syndrome is characterized by the destruction of the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to symptoms of xerostomia (dry mouth) and xerophthalmia (dry eyes). This condition frequently co-occurs with rheumatoid arthritis, making it a reasonable consideration when a patient presents with oral symptoms such as a dry tongue. The relationship between these two conditions is significant because Sjögren's syndrome can often be secondary to rheumatoid arthritis, underpinning the importance of recognizing dry oral mucosa and its potential implications. Moreover, this syndrome is particularly relevant for dental professionals, as it can lead to complications such as dental caries and periodontal disease due to impaired salivary function. The other conditions mentioned, while they are autoimmune diseases, do not typically present with dry mouth as a primary symptom. Behçet's disease is characterized by oral ulcers and other systemic presentations, lupus erythematosus can affect the mucosa but does not usually cause dry mouth to the degree seen in Sjögren's syndrome, and pemphigus vulgaris primarily presents with blister